Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
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Query Trace: Ikwe H[original query] |
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Notes from the field: House-to-house campaign administration of inactivated poliovirus vaccine - Sokoto State, Nigeria, November 2022
Biya O , Manu JI , Forbi JC , Wa Nganda G , Ikwe H , Sule A , Edukugho A , Shehu A , Aliyu N , Barau ND , Wiesen E , Sutter RW . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023 72 (47) 1290-1291 After the 2015 documentation of global eradication of wild poliovirus type 2,* Sabin type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was withdrawn from routine immunization (RI) in all OPV-using countries in 2016, in a global synchronized switch from trivalent OPV (containing vaccine virus serotypes 1, 2, and 3) to bivalent OPV (containing serotypes 1 and 3), to reduce the rare risks for type 2 vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. Concurrently, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) recommended that all OPV-using countries introduce ≥1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) into RI programs; IPV protects against paralysis caused by all three serotypes but cannot be transmitted from person to person or cause paralysis. Use of OPV, especially in areas with low vaccination coverage, is associated with low risk of emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). As susceptible persons in new birth cohorts accumulated after withdrawal of OPV type 2, population immunity against infection with serotype 2 declined (1), facilitating the emergence of circulating VDPV type 2 (cVDPV2). During the previous 7 years, cVDPV2 outbreaks required response supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) with monovalent type 2 OPV (mOPV2); however, if SIAs were not of sufficiently high quality and did not achieve high enough coverage, new emergences of cVDPV2 occurred. |
Barriers and facilitators to hepatitis B birth dose vaccination: Perspectives from healthcare providers and pregnant women accessing antenatal care in Nigeria
Freeland C , Kanu F , Mohammed Y , Nwokoro UU , Sandhu H , Ikwe H , Uba B , Asekun A , Akataobi C , Adewole A , Fadahunsi R , Wisdom M , Akudo OL , Ugbenyo G , Simple E , Waziri N , Vasumu JJ , Bahuli AU , Bashir SS , Isa A , Ugwu GO , Obi EI , Binta H , Bassey BO , Shuaib F , Bolu O , Tohme RA . PLOS Glob Public Health 2023 3 (6) e0001332 Nigeria is estimated to have the largest number of children worldwide, living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the leading cause of liver cancer. Up to 90% of children infected at birth develop chronic HBV infection. A birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB-BD) followed by at least two additional vaccine doses is recommended for prevention. This study assessed barriers and facilitators of HepB-BD administration and uptake, using structured interviews with healthcare providers and pregnant women in Adamawa and Enugu States, Nigeria. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Sciences Research (CFIR) guided data collection and analysis. We interviewed 87 key informants (40 healthcare providers and 47 pregnant women) and created a codebook for data analysis. Codes were developed by reviewing the literature and reading a subsample of queries line-by-line. The overarching themes identified as barriers among healthcare providers were: the lack of hepatitis B knowledge, limited availability of HepB-BD to vaccination days only, misconceptions about HepB-BD vaccination, challenges in health facility staffing capacity, costs associated with vaccine transportation, and concerns related to vaccine wastage. Facilitators of timely HepB-BD vaccination included: vaccine availability, storage, and hospital births occurring during immunization days. Overarching themes identified as barriers among pregnant women were lack of hepatitis B knowledge, limited understanding of HepB-BD importance, and limited access to vaccines for births occurring outside of a health facility. Facilitators were high vaccine acceptance and willingness for their infants to receive HepB-BD if recommended by providers. Findings indicate the need for enhanced HepB-BD vaccination training for HCWs, educating pregnant women on HBV and the importance of timely HepB-BD, updating policies to enable HepB-BD administration within 24 hours of birth, expanding HepB-BD availability in public and private hospital maternity wards for all facility births, and outreach activities to reach home births. |
Implementation of data triangulation and dashboard development for COVID-19 vaccine adverse event following immunisation (AEFI) data in Nigeria
Shragai T , Adegoke OJ , Ikwe H , Sorungbe T , Haruna A , Williams I , Okonkwo R , Onu K , Asekun A , Gberikon M , Iwara E , Abimiku A , Rufai A , Okposen B , Gidudu J , Lam E , Bolu O . BMJ Glob Health 2023 8 (1) Nigeria began administering COVID-19 vaccines on 5 March 2021 and is working towards the WHO's African regional goal to fully vaccinate 70% of their eligible population by December 2022. Nigeria's COVID-19 vaccination information system includes a surveillance system for COVID-19 adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), but as of April 2021, AEFI data were being collected and managed by multiple groups and lacked routine analysis and use for action. To fill this gap in COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring, between April 2021 and June 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with other implementing partners led by the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, supported the Government of Nigeria to triangulate existing COVID-19 AEFI data. This paper describes the process of implementing published draft guidelines for data triangulation for COVID-19 AEFI data in Nigeria. Here, we focus on the process of implementing data triangulation rather than analysing the results and impacts of triangulation. Work began by mapping the flow of COVID-19 AEFI data, engaging stakeholders and building a data management system to intake and store all shared data. These datasets were used to create an online dashboard with key indicators selected based on existing WHO guidelines and national guidance. The dashboard went through an iterative review before dissemination to stakeholders. This case study highlights a successful example of implementing data triangulation for rapid use of AEFI data for decision-making and emphasises the importance of stakeholder engagement and strong data governance structures to make data triangulation successful. |
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